Because you have asthma, your airways are very sensitive. They may react to things called triggers (stimuli that can cause asthma episodes). Your airways may become swollen, tighten up, and produce excess mucus in the presence of one or more of the triggers below. These triggers may make asthma symptoms worse or keep you from getting better. It’s important to find out what your asthma triggers are. Learn ways to avoid them. If you cannot avoid triggers, and your medicine plan does not work as well as you and your health care provider think it should, you both should discuss allergy shots (immunotherapy).

Ask your health care provider to help you find out what your triggers are and to decide which actions will help the most to reduce your asthma symptoms.

 Number each action item in order of importance. Carry out these actions first.

Once you have completed these actions, move on to actions that are of lesser importance.

Discuss the results of these efforts with your health care provider.

Pollen and Molds (outdoors)

 Stay indoors during the midday and afternoon when the pollen count is high.

 Use air conditioning, if possible.

 Keep windows closed during seasons when pollen and mold are highest.

 Avoid sources of molds (wet leaves, garden debris, carpet over concrete floors).

Cockroach Allergen

 Use insect sprays; but have someone else spray when you are outside of the home.

 Air out the home for a few hours after spraying.

 Use roach traps.

House Dust Mites

These are actions you should take to

gain control of dust mites:

______ Encase your mattress and box spring in an airtight cover.

______ Either encase your pillow or wash it once a week every week.

______ Avoid sleeping or lying on upholstered furniture.

______ Remove carpets that are laid on concrete.

______ Wash your bed covers, clothes, and stuffed toys once a week in hot (130° F) water.

These actions will also help you gain control of dust mites - but they may not be

essential:

______ Reduce indoor humidity to less than 50 percent. Use a dehumidifier if needed.

______ Remove carpets from your bedroom.

______ Use chemical agents to kill mites or to change mite antigens in the house.

______ Avoid using a vacuum or being in a room while it is being vacuumed.

______ If you must vacuum, one ore more of the following things can be done to reduce the amount of dust you breathe in: Use a dust mask, use a central vacuum cleaner with the collecting bag outside the home, use a vacuum cleaner that has powerful suction.

Animal Dander

Dander refers to flakes in the skin, hair, or feathers of all warm-blooded pets including dogs, cats, birds, and rodents. There is no such thing as an allergenfree dog. The length of a pet’s hair does not matter. The allergen is in the saliva, urine, and dander.

 Remove the animal from the house or school classroom.

 If you must have a pet, keep the pet out of your bedroom at all times.

 If there is forced air heating in the home with a pet, close the air ducts in your bedroom.

 Wash the pet weekly.

 Avoid visits to friends or relatives with pets.

 Take asthma medicine (cromolyn or beta2-agonist; cromolyn is often preferred) before

visiting homes or sites where animals arepresent.

Choose a pet without fur or feathers (such as a fish or a snake).

 Avoid products made with feathers, for example, pillows or comforters.

 Also avoid pillows, bedding, and furniture stuffed with kapok (silky fibers from the seed

pods of the silk-cotton tree).

Use a vacuum cleaner fitted with a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter.

Indoor molds

 Keep bathrooms, kitchens, and basements well aired.

 Clean bathrooms, kitchens, and basements regularly.

 Do not use humidifiers unless humidity drops below 15%

 Use dehumidifiers for damp basement areas, with humidity level set for less than

50% but above 25%. Empty and clean unit regularly.

Tobacco Smoke

 Do not smoke.

 Do not allow smoking in the home.

 Have household members smoke outside.

 Do not allow any smoking in your bedroom.

Encourage family members to quit smoking.

Their health care provider can help them quit.

 Use an indoor air-cleaning device (for smoke, mold, and dander).

Wood Smoke

 Avoid using a wood burning heat stove to heat your home. The smoke increases

lower respiratory symptoms.

 Avoid using kerosene heaters.

Strong Odors and Sprays

 Do not stay in your home when it is being painted. Allow enough time for the paint

to dry.

 Avoid perfume and perfumed cosmetics such as talcum powder and hair spray.

 Do not use room deodorizers. § Use non-perfumed household cleaning

products whenever possible.

 Reduce strong cooking odors (especially frying) by using a fan and opening windows.

 Avoid air pollution by staying indoors on days when the pollution count is high.

Colds and Infections

 Avoid people with colds or the flu.

 Get rest, eat a balanced diet, and exercise regularly.

 Talk to your health care provider about flu shots.

 Do not take over-the-counter remedies, such as antihistamines and cough syrup,

unless you speak to your health care provider first.

Exercise

 Work out a medicine plan with your health care provider that allows you to exercise

without symptoms.

 Take inhaled beta2-agonist or prescribed anti-inflammatory medicine before

exercising.

 Warm up before doing exercise and cool down afterwards.

Weather

 Wear a scarf over your mouth and nose in cold weather.

 Pull a turtleneck over your nose on windy or cold days.

 Dress warmly in the winter or on windy days.

Food Sensitivity

 You may want to avoid products that could possibly contain the preservative sulfite.

Among these are: precut or dried fruit, fresh mushrooms, processed potatoes, pickled

foods, shrimp, cherries , beer, or wine.

Remember: Making these changes will help keep asthma episodes from starting. An asthma trigger control plan is an important part of controlling asthma

Complimentary and alternative medicine is a broad group of healthcare and medical practices, systems, products and services not generally considered to be a part of conventional medicine.  This glossary of complimentary and alternative medicine terms will assist you in learning more non-traditional medicine.

Understanding complimentary and alternative medicine is important given the nation’s move toward consumer directed health care. Without knowledge of complimentary and alternative medicine terms consumers will not be able to effectively manage their own healthcare. This is especially true since most complimentary and alternative medicine treatments are considerably less expensive than conventional medicine.

To use the Complimentary and Alternative Medicine Glossary of term simply click the first letter of the word for which you would like to find information:

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A

Aboriginal healing

Each culture among the First Nations has a unique healing tradition. Physical and spiritual cleansing are common aspects of many of these practices, as is the use of medicinal herbs. Most Aboriginal healing traditions are holistic processes that include spiritual, physical, mental and emotional healing. Healing ceremonies combining these elements are designed to meet the individual’s needs. They may involve the use of herbs together with chanting, singing, dancing and vision quests. Connections with the community and with the natural and spiritual worlds are integral parts of the healing process.

Acupressure

Acupressure is a form of Chinese massage that is often described as “acupuncture without the needles”. Both practices involve working with the body’s vital energy or qi, in order to release blockages and stimulate the balanced energy flow necessary for good health. Acupressure involves applying firm finger pressure for several minutes to specific spots, called acupoints, on the surface of the body. Acupressure is used to relieve stress, muscle tension and pain. It is thought to improve blood and energy flow, which promotes healing and the elimination of wastes.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture is a therapeutic technique that originated in China more than five thousand years ago. It is based on the idea that vital energy, or qi, must flow in the correct strength and quality throughout the body in order to maintain health. Illness and disease are related to blockages and stagnation of qi.

To stimulate or balance the flow of energy in a patient’s body, an acupuncturist inserts special, very thin needles just under the skin at specific spots called acupoints. Often the patient does not even feel these needles and they typically do not draw blood.

Depending on the patient’s symptoms and how they respond during the session, the needles may simply be left in place for a few minutes or more stimulation may be applied. This stimulation may include the application of gentle pressure, mild heat or a small amount of electricity to the needle.

Adverse Drug Reaction

An unintended, toxic or unpleasant effect caused by treatment with a drug or a natural health product. Adverse reactions may range from mild effects such as headache or drowsiness, to more severe effects such as neuropathy, a nerve disease that can produce numbness or weakness and even death.

Alexander technique

Alexander technique is a body-based technique that focuses on proper posture, movement and breathing. Facilitated by an instructor, Alexander students are taught to recognize and change habits that interfere with their body’s functioning.

Developed by Australian actor Frederick Alexander, the technique uses physical and verbal cues to help the student to consciously focus on their posture and relearn the natural alignments of the body’s parts both at rest and during movement. Students are taught to visualize and feel the correct postures and practice them in simple, efficient physical movements. Alexander technique is used to improve balance, posture and coordination and to relieve back pain, arthritis, rheumatism and gastrointestinal and breathing problems.

Amino acids

Amino acids are nitrogen-containing organic molecules that are naturally found in plants and animals. In the human body, 20 different amino acids are used to make proteins.

Antioxidants

Antioxidants are substances that prevent changes in other molecules caused by oxidation. They protect cells and prevent tissue damage by soaking up or quenching free radicals. Antioxidants are thought to be particularly important in preventing the oxidation of substances (lipids) that make up cell membranes. Some common antioxidants are vitamins C and E, and the minerals zinc and selenium.

Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy involves the inhalation or topical application of aromatic plant oils to help healing and enhance well-being. It is thought that these scents influence the primitive part of the brain called the limbic system. The limbic system associates odors with past experiences and feelings. Aromatherapy is used to affect moods and relieve stress, headache, digestive upsets and minor aches and pains. Some oils also have anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties and may be absorbed through the skin. r

Note: Most essential oils should be diluted with a carrier oil (such as almond oil) before use - direct application of pure essential oils may cause serious adverse effects. Essential oils should not be taken internally unless advised by a trained health practitioner — many oils are very toxic when ingested.

Art therapy

Art therapy uses art or creative self-expression for therapeutic purposes. It employs simple art materials, drawing and painting as a means to restore, maintain, or improve an individual’s physical and mental health. Assessment and treatment is based on established human developmental and psychological theories. Art Therapists look at the images a client creates, and at the client’s responses to their own creations, and interpret them as reflections of an individual’s development, abilities, personality, interests, concerns and conflicts. Art therapy is used to help resolve emotional conflicts, promote self-awareness, improve social skills, treat behavioral problems, solve problems, reduce stress and increase self-esteem.

Ayurveda (Aryuvedic medicine)

A holistic healing system developed over the past 5,000 years in India, Ayurveda means “science of life.” In Aryuvedic medicine, health is defined as harmony and balance between the body, mind, and spirit. Illness and disease are thought to occur when these factors are out of balance. The therapies and treatments used in Ayurveda depend on the nature of the imbalance in the patient, and their “dosha” or doshic profile - physical traits, emotional temperament, food preferences and mental attributes that suggest a particular set of tendencies, both in health and illness. Treatments may also vary according to the season. Aryuvedic therapies include herbal medicines, changes in the diet, massage, meditation, breathing exercises (pranayama) and/or yoga.

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B

Bioenergy

Similar to the concepts of qi, prana, and vital energy, bioenergy is the term used to describe the aura or subtle energy field in and around the human body. Bioenergy approaches such as magnetic therapy are used to restore, balance and enhance the human energy field.

Biofeedback

Biofeedback is a mind-body therapy that teaches a person how to control their body’s vital functions. Sensors placed on the body are used to monitor functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, and muscle or nerve activity. The patient is made aware of this information by sight (visual) signals, sound (auditory) signals, or body-muscle signals. The patient learns to control body functions they want to change by visualizing or imagining changes in the sensor signals. Biofeedback is commonly used as a complementary therapy for high blood pressure, headache and migraine, chronic pain, stress and asthma. In some cases, relaxation exercises are used along with this treatment.

Body therapies (Bodywork)

The term “body therapies” has traditionally been used to describe practices that involve physical treatments, or manipulations of the body, skeletal system, nerves or muscles. Body therapies are “hands-on” approaches — such as massage that are used to improve the structure and functioning of the human body. Some people include indirect manipulations such as drugs and natural health products in a larger definition of body therapies.

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C

Chelation therapy

Chelation therapy involves a series of injections of a chelating agent — usually the synthetic amino acid EDTA or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. An accepted treatment for some types of heavy metal poisoning, Chelation is also claimed to detoxify, or cleanse the body. It has been used to treat cancer and arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Treating these diseases with chelation is very controversial, because there is little good quality evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of chelation for these purposes.

The name “chelation” comes from the Greek chele, which means claw. This refers to what happens within the body in the process of chelation. The chelating agent (EDTA) grabs, or binds onto a metal ion to form a stable compound. Vitamins, minerals and other supplements are often given along with the chelating agent.

Chinese herbal medicine

Chinese herbal medicine is based on concepts of yin and yang and of qi energy. It is the most common form of treatment used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The properties of the herbs are described in terms of their taste, and qualities, such as “cooling” (yin) or “stimulating” (yang). They are used to treat or balance patients who have too much, or too little of these qualities.

In Chinese herbal medicine, preparations containing only one herb are very rarely used. Most often, a patient receives a prescription for an herbal formula containing many different herbs. The practitioner determines which formula to prescribe according to diagnostic ideas and methods used in TCM. The formula is selected and customized to suit the patient’s traits and symptoms - not according to what ailment or disease they have. This means that the same formula would not always be given to treat a particular condition.

Chinese medicine

The theories and diagnostic techniques of TCM are quite different from those of conventional medicine. The proper balance and flow of vital energy or qi is the main focus of this 5,000 year old healing system. Ideally, TCM is a preventive practice. The role of the practitioner is to help the patient maintain optimal health.

In TCM, diagnoses are based on the patient’s pulse, an examination of their tongue, and other physical, mental and spiritual characteristics. The diagnoses are described in terms of disturbances, blockages, or imbalances in the energy flow and the organ systems that are affected. Several therapeutic modalities and healing practices are used to help restore and maintain the balanced flow of energy. In addition to the primary approaches of herbal medicine and acupuncture, practitioners may also use massage (tui na), changes in the diet, exercise, qi gong and meditation.

Chiropractic

The main focus of chiropractic is the relationship between the skeleton (particularly the spine) and the nervous system. In chiropractic theory, misalignments of the vertebrae caused by poor posture or trauma are thought to lead to decreased function, pain and illness. Chiropractic diagnosis is primarily based on physical examination and x-ray. In treatment, the chiropractor usually uses his or her hands to adjust or manipulate the spine, and bring it back into alignment. Chiropractic is commonly used to treat back pain, headaches, and injuries, and is also used as a preventive therapy.

Chiropractor

A chiropractor is a practitioner who corrects the misalignments of the spine by physically adjusting, or manipulating the body. Depending upon the provincial regulations, some chiropractors may use only their hands to make adjustments while others may also use devices to facilitate the process.

Color therapy

Color therapy, or color healing, is the use of various forms of color and light to promote physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Highly specialized equipment is used to project different colors to rebalance the body and encourage healing. The color is beamed onto the parts of the body corresponding to the problem for a specific period of time.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

“Complementary and alternative medicine” (CAM) is often used as a catch-all phrase to refer to a wide range of unrelated healing practices. Although many people understand what is meant by “complementary and alternative medicine” or CAM, it is hard to define this term because there is no real agreement about which practices should or should not be included.

Many therapies that used to be considered CAM practices are becoming more accepted in the conventional medical community. This is because scientific evidence (research) is showing some CAM therapies work, and are safe. Many mainstream practitioners are also using more holistic approaches, and putting more emphasis on prevention and health promotion.

For this reason, it is easier to define CAM by stating what it is not - CAM includes any therapy that is not generally accepted or used in mainstream medicine.

There are a number of different ways to describe and categorize CAM practices. In the simplest model, four general types or modalities of CAM practices are recognized:

• body therapies - approaches that involve direct physical contact with the patient’s body
• mind-body therapies - practices such as hypnosis and visualization that use the power of the mind to make positive changes in the body
• body-energy therapies - techniques for manipulating the body’s energy field to positively affect health
• body-spirit therapies - prayer, faith healing and shamanism are examples of techniques used to affect both body and soul with the goal of healing

Many CAM health systems, such as traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda, use several of these modalities.

Complementary medicine

The term complementary medicine is used to describe therapies that are used alongside or in addition to mainstream medical treatments, therapies that are used in addition to or as a complement to conventional techniques. Complementary therapies are often used to improve well-being and quality of life.

Complementary and alternative (health) practitioner

This term describes a person who provides or practices a non-conventional therapy or CAM technique such as acupuncture, herbology or naturopathic medicine.

Complementary and Alternative Healthcare (CAHC)

Most complementary and alternative health practices are intended to help maintain health and prevent illness, rather than to treat disease. Since the word medicine generally means the treatment of illness or disease, the term “Complementary and alternative healthcare”  has been proposed as a better way of describing these practices. As with the term CAM, Complimentary and Alternative Healthcare refers to healthcare practices and therapies that are not part of conventional medicine.

Craniosacral (cranial sacral) therapy

Craniosacral therapy is a body therapy for relieving pain and loss of function due to restrictions in the craniosacral system. The craniosacral system includes the:

• brain
• spinal cord
• skull bones
• sacrum (base of the spine) and
• fluid and membranes around these structures.

Practitioners use their hands to apply gentle pressure and make adjustments, primarily to the skull bones. The goal of the treatment is to restore the proper alignment and balance of the craniosacral system, and what is described as the rhythmic movement of the fluid that bathes the brain and spine (cerebrospinal fluid). Craniosacral therapy is used to treat chronic pain, migraine headaches, and many other conditions.

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D

Dance therapy (Movement therapy)

In dance therapy, the patient expresses and explores thoughts and feelings through movement rather than words. Dance therapy helps people become more aware of their feelings and the relationship between the mind and the body. For many people, it also provides a way to express deeply felt and complicated emotions, and a way to work through confused feelings. In addition to providing a physical outlet, dance therapy can help build self-esteem and self-confidence, and increase self-awareness. It is used to support other forms of therapy.

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E

Environmental medicine

Environmental medicine focuses on the relationship between health and factors such as diet, lifestyle, chemicals, stress, water and air quality, and other environmental factors. Practitioners of environmental medicine are doctors.

Practitioners take a complete history from the patient about their nutrition and environment, and also do a physical examination. They pay special attention to possible causes of allergies, such as yeast, moulds, fungus, parasites and pollen as well as chemicals in the patient’s environment, dental work and family illnesses.

Treatments may include:

• avoiding particular substances or environments
• changes in the diet
• nutritional support with supplements, herbal medicines and other natural health products, and
• detoxification support (helping the body “clean” itself, inside and out) with manual therapies, aromatherapy, relaxation and meditation and other approaches.

Enzymes and co-factors

An enzyme is an organic substance (most often a protein) that catalyzes (increases the rate) at which a chemical reaction takes place. There are hundreds of different enzymes. Enzymes are involved in many types of bodily functions including converting and storing energy, and building and breaking down various substances. Most enzymes only catalyze a single reaction or a few very similar types of reactions. Most commercial enzyme products are different types of digestive enzymes from plants and animals.

Co-enzymes or co-factors are substances that play an essential helper role in chemical reactions. Each co-factor has a specific role — for example, acting as a carrier molecule, providing energy or lending an electron to a reaction. There are many different co-factors found in the body. Many of these substances are made from vitamins and/or minerals.

Enzyme therapy

This therapy uses enzymes that come from plants and animals to improve body functions. Enzyme therapy is intended to help strengthen the digestive system, with the goal of enhancing overall health. It is used to relieve problems with digestion, and improve the absorption of nutrients. People who believe in enzyme therapy claim that better digestion may also improve many other acute and chronic conditions.

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F

Flower essences

Flower essences are specially prepared extracts of plants and flowers. Each plant species used is thought to have a different type of healing property. Similar to the preparation of homeopathies, the flowers are extracted in an alcohol solution that is shaken and diluted several times.

Flower essences are used to change a person’s emotional state, with the goal of improving both physical and mental well-being. A few drops of the flower essence are taken under the tongue to restore harmony and balance. The flower essences are thought to help relieve the basic causes of stress.

Bach flower remedies are the best-known flower remedies. The Bach flower remedies include 38 different essences. Each of these essences is supposed to correspond with a particular state of mind.

Free radicals (Reactive oxygen species)

Free radicals are highly reactive atoms that have at least one unpaired electron. They bind with the electrons of other chemicals, often setting off a chain reaction of molecules losing and gaining electrons. Their “stealing” of electrons can disrupt important processes and cause damage to cells. Cell damage caused by free radicals is called oxidative stress. Free radicals are normal by-products of the metabolism that are usually mopped up or “quenched” by antioxidants such as vitamin C. The formation of free radicals may also be promoted by radiation and some toxins.

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G

Gerson therapy

Gerson therapy involves a special diet originally developed by Dr. Max Gerson to treat cancer. Gerson believed that cancer occurs when the liver, pancreas, thyroid and immune system are not balanced and functioning at their best. This therapy focuses on flooding the body with nutrients and avoiding harmful foods. The diet consists of a strictly vegetarian low-salt diet, freshly crushed fruits (mainly apples), and vegetable (mainly carrot) juice. To cleanse the body of toxins and relieve pain, three to four coffee enemas a day are recommended. (A coffee enema involves taking strong coffee into the large intestine through the rectum. The coffee is held as long as possible before voiding. This is a very controversial treatment). Other supplements include vitamins, minerals, digestive enzymes, and thyroid extracts (glandulars).

Glandulars

Glandulars are specially prepared extracts of animal (usually cow) glands and organs that are taken by mouth. The idea behind their use is that “like heals like,” or like cells help like cells. Glandular products are made from different endocrine glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream, including the following glands: pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, prostate, testes and ovaries. Extracts of other organs such as the heart, spleen, uterus and brain may also be used in glandular therapy, even though they are not glands.

Guided imagery

Guided imagery is a technique that uses the power of the mind to encourage relaxation and healing. The instructor guides the participant by asking them to imagine or visualize a vividly described scene or feeling. Guided imagery is used to reduce stress and pain, stimulate the immune system, and promote healing.

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H

Healing practice

Any therapy or system of treatment used to cure or prevent illness and improve health. This term usually refers to an individual therapy such as acupuncture or reflexology. Some people also use this term to describe a complex healing system such as traditional Chinese medicine which includes many different therapies.

Health promotion

Health promotion means more than just encouraging people to adopt a healthy lifestyle or just trying to prevent disease. The goal of health promotion is the best possible physical, mental and emotional health for all individuals and society in general.

People need the best possible health to achieve their goals and live life to its fullest. Health promotion focuses on providing educational, economic and organizational supports that will help people have more control over their health and the many factors that affect their well-being.

Herbal medicine (Herbalism, Botanical medicine, Phytomedicine or Phytotherapy)

Herbal medicine or the use of plants as therapeutic substances is believed to be the oldest form of medicine. Today, herbal medicine is still a very important part of many different health systems around the world. More than 75% of the world’s population relies on herbal medicines as their primary form of health care. Every cultural group has its own beliefs and cultural traditions involving healing with herbs. For example, herbs are used as medicines in traditional Chinese medicine, Aryuvedic medicine, Tibetan medicine and Aboriginal healing traditions. Each of these health systems is based on different theories or ideas about health and healing. The herbs that are used, and the way they are used may differ.

Herbalist

An herbalist is a practitioner who prescribes herbs to treat illnesses and to maintain health. The herbalist may also prepare the herbal remedies — some grow and harvest their own herbs as well. Herbalists are often described in terms of the region or cultural background in which they were trained, such as Western, Chinese, or Aryuvedic herbalists. These descriptions provide more information about the herbalist’s approach to healing, the species or types of plants they use as medicines and the philosophy behind their practice.

Herbs (Herbal remedies, Herbal medicines or Botanicals)

An herb is a plant or part of a plant used for medicinal purposes. For each specific type or species of herb, particular parts of the plant are used. Depending on the herb, this may be the whole plant, above ground or aerial parts, roots, flowers, fruits, bark or leaves. It may also be a substance extracted from a plant such as a resin, sap, gum or essential oil.

Herbal products that contain plant material from more than one herb species may be referred to as herbal formulas. Herbal medicines may be prepared in many different ways, for internal or external use. They may be used fresh or dried, or made into a tea, tincture, extract, oil, salve, or cream. Herbs differ from pharmaceutical drugs in that they contain many chemical compounds, not just one.

Holistic

Holistic refers to an approach that considers the “whole person” including mental, emotional, spiritual, physical, social and environmental factors. Rather than focusing on a specific disease or disorder, holistic practitioners look at all aspects of the person’s life, and try to help them achieve a healthy balance.

Homeopath

A homeopath is a practitioner who practices homeopathy. Homeopaths use a holistic approach, taking into account physical, mental, emotional, environmental and spiritual aspects of the patient in their diagnoses and treatment approaches.

Homeopathy

Homeopathy attempts to stimulate a person’s natural healing processes with minute (homeopathic) dilutions of specific remedies. Based on the patient’s physical, mental and emotional state, a remedy is chosen to match the pattern of their symptoms or the “profile” of their illness. The remedies selected would cause the same symptoms if they were given in very large doses. Most homeopathic remedies are much diluted extracts of natural substances from plants, minerals, and animals.

Homeopathy is a healing system that was founded in the 18th century by Samuel Hahnemann, a German doctor and chemist. It is based on three principles:

• that “like cures like” (Law of Similars)
• the more diluted the remedy, the stronger, or more potent it is (Law of Infinitesimal Dose), and
• illness is individual and holistic.

Homeopathic medicine (Homeopathics or Homeopathic remedy)

A homeopathic medicine contains a much diluted, non-toxic dose of a specially prepared natural substance — a substance that, at higher doses, would produce the same symptoms the patient is experiencing in a healthy person.

Homeopathics are made from plants, minerals, metals and other natural substances that are dissolved in alcoholic solutions and shaken. This solution is called the mother tincture. One drop of the mother tincture is diluted into a hundred drops of alcohol solution and then vigorously shaken or succussed. It may be diluted in the same way several more times.

Symbols such as 6X and 30X are used to indicate the number of times the mother tincture has been diluted — 6X means it has been serially diluted six times, while 30X means it has been diluted 30 times. In homeopathic practice, the more diluted the solution, the stronger it is thought to be — the exact opposite of the way we usually think about the strength of pharmaceutical drugs.

Homeopathic remedies are may be given directly as drops, or the diluted solution may be sprayed onto inert tablets, granules or powder. Remedies taken in these solid forms are held in the mouth until they dissolve — they are not to be swallowed.

Hypnosis

Hypnosis is a mind-body therapy that taps into the mind’s healing power on a subconscious level. The practitioner guides the patient through visualization, breathing and other relaxation exercises to gradually put the patient into a light trance. While the patient is in this deeply relaxed state, the hypnotist provides the patient with suggestions or cues that will help them overcome habits, mental barriers and emotional traumas.

Hypnosis may also be used to help the patient become aware of gifts and abilities they may not have known about. Hypnosis is often used to help a person change their behavior in areas such as quitting smoking, reducing drug and alcohol dependence and changing eating habits. Some people also find it helps treat stress, sleep disorders, anxiety, phobias, and depression.

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L

Light therapy

In light therapy, natural and artificial light is used to restore normal circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are the body’s internal clock that controls sleep cycles, hormone production and other body functions. The types of light that may be used include full spectrum light, bright light, ultraviolet light and laser light. The patient spends specified periods of time in an area lit with these lights. Light therapy is used in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), some forms of mild depression, sleeping disorders, skin problems and other problems related to disturbed circadian rhythms.

Lomi Lomi (Hawaiian massage)

Lomi Lomi is an ancient form of massage used by the native Hawaiian people. The techniques have been passed down through many generations of traditional healers as part of their religious and healing practices. It has been described as the loving touch that connects the body, heart and soul with the source of life. Practitioners use their hands, forearms and elbow to perform massage strokes and stimulate pressure points. Treatment often includes a steam bath and shower. Lomi Lomi is used to:

• release muscle tension
• improve blood and lymph circulation
• help facilitate the remove wastes, and
• aid childbirth.

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M

Macrobiotics

Macrobiotics is a special lifestyle diet that was developed by George Oshawa and Mischio Kushi. The macrobiotic diet is made up of whole, natural and organic foods. A macrobiotic menu would include whole grains such as brown rice, barley and millet; a variety of vegetables, beans, and other whole foods. People following this diet avoid foods that are considered hazardous to health. This includes products containing chemical food additives, refined or processed foods, meat and dairy products. The time of day, the season and the environment are also factors that affect food choices.

Magnet therapy (Bio-magnetic or Electromagnetic therapy)

This body-energy therapy involves the application of magnets or magnetic fields to the human body to diagnose illness, and as a treatment. By enhancing the body’s natural energy fields, magnetic therapy is thought to stimulate the metabolism and increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the cells. It is used to relieve headache, stress and pain, promote healing, and slow disease processes such as cancer and infections.

Massage therapy

Massage Therapy is a general term for a number of techniques that involve manipulation of the muscles and connective tissues. Massage is used to relieve muscle tension and stress, improve flexibility and enhance the patient’s sense of well-being. There are many different types of massage, with approaches that range from the very light touches used in lymphatic drainage massage to the deep tissue manipulation involved in rolfing. Other massage techniques include Swedish massage, Aryuvedic massage, Thai massage, Lomi Lomi and Shiatsu.

Manipulation

This is a general term used to describe the movement of a body part or tissue by a practitioner. Manipulations are performed by applying manual force or passive manual movements. They include movements in which therapists use their hands to apply traction, knead, stretch, rub, vibrate or otherwise stimulate the patient’s muscles, bones, and connective tissues. Manipulation techniques are the basis of many body therapies, including massage therapy, chiropractic, and osteopathy.

Medical acupuncture (French acupuncture, Helms-style acupuncture)

The term medical acupuncture is used to describe acupuncture treatments performed by conventional doctors (M.D.s) who also have special training in acupuncture. It is also called Helms-style acupuncture because Dr. James Helms at the UCLA Medical School has been the leading advocate and teacher in this field. Medical acupuncture is used to relieve pain, stimulate the body’s natural healing and enhance the patient’s physical and emotional well-being.

Meditation

Meditation is a practice in which a person tries to still and empty their mind, by:

• focusing on breathing
• visualizing a particular image, or
• chanting a word, phrase or prayer.

This practice provides many people with a sense of inner calm, peacefulness and relaxation. There are many different types of meditation, as well as different reasons for using mediation. Some people use meditation simply as a relaxation technique to calm the mind and body, relieve stress and pain, and improve their sense of well-being. Meditation is also an important part of some personal development programs and some religious practices, where it is used to help achieve greater self-awareness, self-realization and spiritual communion.

Metabolic therapies

Metabolic therapies are most commonly used in the treatment of cancer. They are based on the idea that many different factors contribute to the development of cancer. Most of these therapies use several different treatments including cleansing the body of toxins, whole or raw food diets, herbal medicines and nutritional supplements such as vitamins, minerals and enzymes. Gerson therapy is one example of a metabolic therapy.

Mind-body therapies

There is a growing amount of scientific evidence that a person’s mood, attitudes and beliefs can have a very significant impact their health. Mind-body therapies use this powerful relationship between the mind and body. There are many different techniques that focus on various levels of consciousness, but all involve the patient actively using their mind to positively affect health. Examples of mind-body therapies include meditation, hypnosis and art therapy. Mind-body therapies are commonly used to:

• reduce pain and stress
• promote relaxation and
• stimulate the body’s innate ability to heal.

As the patient is the most important healer in the treatment process, mind-body therapies can help patients re-find their sense of control and improve their sense of well-being and ability to cope. A number of mind-body therapies are no longer considered “alternative.” They have been integrated into conventional medical practice because of strong scientific evidence supports their safety and efficacy.

Minerals

Minerals are inorganic substances that play important roles in many of the body’s biochemical processes. Minerals that are needed in relatively large amounts are called macronutrients. These include calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and sulphur. Minerals that are only needed in very small or trace amounts are called micronutrients. These include chromium, cobalt, copper, fluoride, iodide, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and zinc.

Modalities

A modality is the mode, mood or manner of a therapy. This is the way a diagnosis is made or the technique with which the treatment is given. The two most common are manual therapies and mind body therapies. With manual therapies such as massage therapy, the mode or manner of the treatment is the physical manipulation or handling of the body. Mind-body therapies use the power of the patient’s mind as the means of delivering treatment.

Music therapy

Music therapy is used to help patients express their thoughts, moods and emotions. It also helps relieve stress, anxiety and pain. The patient may perform the music, or listen passively, with the goal of helping the patient communicate, overcome personal barriers or blockages, and express their feelings. Music therapy may be used to help lower blood pressure, overcome learning disabilities, or improve movement and balance. Background music, or various types of “non-intrusive” New Age music, is often used in combination with meditation, hypnosis and to guided imagery.

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Natural health products (NHPs)

“Natural Health Products” or NHPs is used to refer to the entire spectrum of substances found in nature that may be used to maintain health, prevent illness and treat some disorders. In addition to well-known supplements such as herbs, vitamins and minerals, the NHP category also includes natural substances such as enzymes, glandulars, hormones, animal substances (such as shark cartilage, bear gallbladders and bee venom), and purified chemical compounds, amino acids, glucosamine and co-enzyme Q10. In the United States, the term “dietary supplements” is usually used to describe these products.

Naturopathic medicine (Naturopathy)

Naturopathic medicine is a comprehensive holistic health system that incorporates therapies from traditional Chinese medicine, Aryuvedic, Homeopathy, Western herbalism, as well as nutritional approaches, body therapies and other healing practices.

Naturopathy is based on six governing principles:

• First do no harm (Primum Non Nocere)
• The healing power of nature (Vis Medicatrix Naturae)
• Identify and treat the cause (Tolle Causam)
• Treat the whole person
• Doctor as teacher (Docere)
• Disease prevention and health promotion

The practitioner or naturopathic physician considers the patient’s physical symptoms, diet, lifestyle, work, and personal characteristics when determining a treatment regimen. The goal of naturopathic treatment is physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.

Naturopaths (Naturopathic physicians)

Naturopaths or naturopathic physicians are doctors who practiced Naturopathic medicine. Licensed naturopaths have successfully completed a four-year educational program that includes the conventional biomedical sciences, natural therapies and a supervised clinical practicum.

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Osteopathy (Osteopathic medicine)

Osteopathy is based on the idea that the body’s structure is closely related to its function. With proper nutrition and a healthy environment, a body that is in correct structural alignment can fight off disease and other toxic conditions. The role of the practitioner is to help restore structural balance in order to enhance the body’s natural ability to heal.

Although the osteopath’s approach to realigning the structure of the body is similar to chiropractic, osteopaths also focus on improving the blood and lymph circulatory systems. Osteopathy is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal disorders including spinal and joint difficulties, arthritis, traumatic injuries and chronic pain. The practice of osteopathy has changed significantly over the past 100 years. In addition to manipulation and physical therapies, modern American practitioners are also trained in conventional therapies such as surgery, and may also prescribe drugs.

Oxidizing agents (ozone, hydrogen peroxide)

Ozone and hydrogen peroxide are the oxidizing agents most commonly used in oxidative therapy. It is thought that these substances supply additional oxygen to the body’s tissues. Oxidizing agents can also destroy disease-producing bacteria, viruses, and other invading microbial organisms. Oxidizing agents should not be taken internally, unless under close medical supervision - these chemicals are toxic if administered incorrectly or taken in too large a dose.

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Placebo

A substance or mock therapy made to look like some form of experimental treatment that has no therapeutic or medicinal qualities. Placebos are given to the control group in placebo-controlled clinical trials. On average, 33% of patients receiving a placebo report they feel better after receiving a mock treatment - this is known as the placebo effect.

Placebo-controlled clinical trial

In this type of clinical trial, the participants are split into two groups. The people in the control group are given an inactive substance or placebo and the therapy under study is given to the other patient group (verum). Otherwise, the two groups are treated exactly the same, and go through the same tests and evaluations.

The use of this placebo control reduces any bias in the results that may result from the participant’s expectations. By comparing the results from the experimental group to those of the placebo group, researchers can determine how much of the therapeutic effect was actually due the therapy being studied and how much was simply due to the patient’s belief that they were receiving a medicine.

Polarity therapy

Polarity therapy is based on the idea that health is determined by the flow of energy in the human energy field. It is thought that specific parts of the body have either positive or negative charges and that these differences in polarity create the electromagnetic currents that form the body’s energy field. Therapists use their hands to redirect the patient’s energy flow but do not physically manipulate the body. Changes in the diet, exercises, breathing techniques and counseling may also be used to help free energy blockages or disturbances and rebalance the body’s energy field.

Prana

In Aryuvedic medicine, the Sanskrit word “prana”, which means life force, is used to describe the vital energy that animates life. Similar to concept of qi in traditional Chinese medicine, prana is power that connects body, mind and spirit to function as one individual. Prana is the essence associated with air and breath. Although prana does not mean air in the physical sense, oxygen is a vehicle through which prana is “seen” in material form. The breathing techniques and exercises practiced in yoga are designed to help focus and enhance this vital life force.

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Qi (Chi or Ki)

The practice of traditional Chinese medicine is founded upon the concept of qi or vital energy. Qi is the energy and potential energy that flows throughout and around the body, animating us and connecting us to all aspects of the world around us. It is manifested as the energy that animates life forms and as potential energy in the physical world, in the earth, water and air. The proper balanced flow of individual qi is essential for optimum health. Disruptions, imbalances or blockages in the flow of qi result in illness. For example, physical pain often results from qi stagnation (qi that is “stuck” or not circulating).

In the human being, qi circulates through 12 main meridians or energy pathways. Each meridian is associated with specific organs and body functions. There are over 1,000 nodes or acupoints along these meridians that focus or amplify the energy. The energy flow can be most effectively manipulated at these acupoints. The flow of qi can be detected and measured as electric currents that flow along the meridians. Qi is perceived as a physical entity that can be measured using electronic devices and influenced using herbs and techniques such as qi gong and acupuncture.

Qi gong (Chi-kung or Energy medicine)

Qi gong is the ancient practice of meditative exercise used in traditional Chinese medicine. Qi gong combines slow, circular and symmetrical movements with meditation and breathing exercises. The practice of qi gong stimulates and balances the flow of qi, or vital energy. It is used to promote inner strength, calm the mind, reduce stress, and restore the body to its natural state of health.

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R

Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

In a randomized clinical trial, participants are randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups, either the experimental treatment group(s) or a control group (placebo or positive control). A lottery, performed by hand or by a computer, is used to determine which patient gets assigned to which therapy group. Randomization is used to reduce any possible treatment bias by the researchers or participants. It also helps ensure that the characteristics of the patients in the treatment groups — known as the “arms” of the trial — are similar. A study is not randomized if the doctor or the participants decide which therapy they will receive.

Raw foods

The raw foods or living foods diet emphasizes eating foods in their natural, raw state to obtain the maximum nutritional benefit and help regulate digestion. The diet consists of organic, raw fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Cooked, processed and refined foods are avoided.

Reflexology

Reflexology is a body therapy that involves the gentle application of pressure to key spots on the feet. Some therapists also work on the hands and ears. Practitioners use their fingers and thumbs to detect small deposits or lumps. They gently apply pressure to these points to release blockages and imbalances so that the flow of energy may be restored. Reflexology is based on the idea that there are reflex areas on the feet that correspond or map to every part of the body. Stimulating a specific area on the foot triggers a reflex reaction in the corresponding organ, gland or part of the body. Reflexology is used to release tension and stress, improve circulation, help cleanse toxins from the body, and to promote healing and general well-being.

Reiki

The word reiki means universal life energy. Reiki is a Japanese qi (or ki)-energy therapy in which the practitioner acts as a conduit for this energy and uses their hands to channel energy to the patient. Reiki is used to help the body heal, relieve emotional and mental distress, and improve spiritual focus and clarity. Stones such as crystals and quartz are sometimes placed on the body to help focus this energy.

Rolfing

Rolfing is a body therapy developed by Dr. Ida Rolf. It is based on the idea that physical and emotional traumas are held or recorded by the body, causing misalignments that are made worse by gravity. Practitioners use their hands, knuckles and elbows to perform a deep tissue massage to loosen the connective tissues and muscles. On the physical level, the objective is to re-align the major segments of the body (head, shoulders, chest, pelvis and legs) in order to improve posture and freedom of movement. Correcting these body memories is also said to provide an emotional release of these stored traumas and restore the flow of vital energy.

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Shiatsu (Japanese acupressure or massage therapy)

A Japanese body-energy therapy involving pressure from the fingers, thumbs or palms at specific points on the body. (These are the same acupoints used in acupuncture and acupressure). Shiatsu is used to stimulate the proper flow of energy through the body in order to optimize health.

Swedish massage

In Swedish massage, the manipulations imitate the effects of exercise and are used to help relax muscles, improve circulation and to increase flexibility and range of movement. Five basics kinds of massage strokes are used: kneading, long strokes, friction, vibration and percussion or tapping. Swedish massage is generally performed for relaxation and pleasure. The intent is to energize the body by stimulating circulation.

Supplements (Dietary supplements)

The term supplements initially referred to purified and concentrated forms of essential nutrients taken to supplement a person’s normal intake of food. Many people now use the terms supplement or dietary supplement in a broader sense to refer to any or all natural substances that are taken in order to maintain wellness or treat illnesses.

Some supplements such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids and protein drinks, are used by conventional medical practitioners to treat disease and illnesses caused by lack of nutrients (deficiencies). In addition to vitamins and minerals, a broad range of other natural substances have also become popular as supplements that may help a person attain and maintain optimal health.

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Tai chi (Tai qi, Tai chi chuan or Taijiquan)

Tai chi is an ancient Chinese exercise system. It is commonly practiced in China to help people maintain their health and live longer. It is a gentle routine of meditative exercises that involve a set pattern of slow but purposeful circular movements. The movements are designed to contain and balance energy, rather than use it up. The practice of tai chi encourages the development of the mind and the body and their integration through movement.

Tai chi is used to:

• reduce stress
• lower blood pressure, and
• improve breathing, cardiovascular function and general health.

It improves strength, balance and flexibility, and inspires a sense of inner peace and tranquility.

Therapeutic touch

Therapeutic touch is a body-energy therapy that was developed by Dolores Krieger, Ph.D., R.N. and Dora Kunz in the United States during the 1970’s. It is now taught in many medical and nursing schools and is a fairly common practice in many hospitals. Therapeutic touch incorporates several techniques including visualization, aura reading and manipulation of the body’s energy field.

In spite of its name, this therapy usually does not involve physical contact as the practitioner’s hands are usually placed a few inches away from the body. The practitioner uses slow, rhythmic hand motions to first detect energy imbalances, then to release them and restore the flow of energy. Therapeutic touch is used to reduce pain and anxiety, and to promote healing.

Tibetan medicine

This traditional system of medicine is rooted in Buddhist philosophy, but includes ideas from India, China, Persia, and Greece. It is a complex health system with a unique approach to diagnosis and healing. Health is seen as a state of balance between the three humours called “nyes pa” in Tibetan, which means “ills.”

The humours are the three basic systems involved in the functioning of the body. In a healthy person, these three humours work together in harmony. When there is too little or too much of one humour, balance is upset. This is thought to cause illness. The humours may become unbalanced by diet, behavior, season, or spiritual problems.

Treatment is intended to restore balance, and involves four types of antagonists, or opposing therapies. Listed in order of their applications and increasing strength, these four types of treatment are: conduct or behavior, diet, medicines (mostly herbs) and external therapies.

Traditional medicine

According to the World Health Organization, traditional medicine is a broad term used to refer to both traditional medicine (TM) systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Indian Ayurveda, Arabic Unani Tib, and various forms of native medicine. TM therapies include those that use medicines - such as herbal medicines, animal parts and/or minerals, as well as therapies that do not use medicines — such as acupuncture, manual therapies (using the hands), and spiritual therapies. In countries where the dominant health care system based on conventional, or allopathic medicine, or where TM is not a part of the national health care system, TM is often referred to as “complementary,” “alternative” or “unconventional medicine.”

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

The theories and diagnostic techniques of TCM are quite different from those of conventional medicine. The proper balance and flow of vital energy or qi is the main focus of this 5,000 year old healing system. Ideally, TCM is a preventive practice. The role of the practitioner is to help the patient maintain optimal health.

In TCM, diagnoses are based on the patient’s pulse, an examination of their tongue, and other physical, mental and spiritual characteristics. The diagnoses are described in terms of disturbances, blockages, or imbalances in the energy flow and the organ systems that are affected. Several therapeutic modalities and healing practices are used to help restore and maintain the balanced flow of energy. In addition to the primary approaches of herbal medicine and acupuncture, practitioners may also use massage (tui na), changes in the diet, exercise, qi gong and meditation.

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Visualization

Visualization is a mind-body technique that is used mainly to promote relaxation and healing. As with guided imagery and hypnosis, the power of the mind is tapped to produce a positive physical effect. The patient mentally pictures a particular scene or image reflective of the change they would like to have take place. For example, a cancer patient might focus on the image of their immune cells as policemen capturing and neutralizing the cancerous cells.

Vital force (Vital energy)

The term vital force or vital energy is used to express the concept of the essence, spiritual force or energy that animates and sustains living organisms. When this energy is unbalanced, disrupted or blocked, illness can occur. When an organism dies, this vital energy dissolves, or disperses.

Vitamins

Vitamins are organic substances that are needed for many body functions including growth, reproduction and immune function. Most vitamins are used by the body as components of co-enzymes or co-factors, which are substances that play an essential helper role in chemical reactions. Vitamins are needed in many of the reactions involved in generating energy for the body and for building, maintaining, and repairing tissues and organs. Most vitamins must be taken as part of the diet although a few, such as Vitamin D, can be produced in the body.

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Wellness

The term wellness means more than simply not being sick. Wellness is the state in which people can be at their best, or reach their fullest potential, in the physical sense and also in terms of their emotional and spiritual well-being. Wellness is the state of optimal health that allows a person to experience life to its fullest, to be happy and to lead a satisfying and fulfilling life.

Western herbalism (Phytomedicine or Phytotherapy)

The term western herbalism is used to describe the European tradition of herbal medicine. The written record of the use of herbs extends back over 2,000 years to the time of the ancient Greek healers Dioscorides and Hippocrates. Although most of the herbs used are plants native to Europe, many North American plants have also been adopted into the collection of healing herbs used by western herbalists — the western herbal pharmacopoeia.

The herbs used are described in terms of the effect they have in on an illness. For example, herbs may be to reduce inflammation or pain, or to stimulate the immune system. Over the past two decades, European researchers have confirmed the folk uses of many of these herbs using modern scientific techniques. The terms phytomedicine (plant medicine) and phytotherapy (plant therapy) were coined to describe the rational use of herbal medicines based on this scientific evidence.

Wise Woman

The Wise Woman approach to herbs and healing has been popularized by Susun S. Weed, author of New Menopausal Years the Wise Women Way: Alternative Approaches for Women 30-90. Some describe it as a form of shamanistic herbalism because intuition, ritual, meditation and spiritualism are emphasized. The moon is thought to play an important role in governing a woman’s body. The herbalist’s use of plants to heal body and spirit is described as “spirit work with plants.”

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Yin and yang

In Daoist philosophy, any change can be explained in terms of the interaction between two opposite forces, yin and yang, that make up the whole individual or object. Yin and yang are neutral terms that are used to describe any pair of opposites, such as hot and cold, hard and soft, male and female.

The vital energy, qi, is thought to be generated through the interaction between yin and yang. Changes in the proportion of yin and yang, and the attraction between these forces is said to create motion and energy.

Yin and yang are not absolutes. No thing remains completely yin or yang forever. The correct balance between yin and yang is necessary to maintain health. Illness is thought to occur when these two forces are out of balance.

Conditions caused by excessive yang and deficient yin (for example, too much heat and not enough cooling) are treated with yin or cooling herbs and other therapies such as acupuncture to restore the balance of yin and yang.

Yin is associated with qualities such as cold, wet, rest, responsiveness, passivity, negative, darkness, inwardness, downwardness, and decrease. In Chinese herbal medicines, Yin herbs are said to have cooling, damping and calming properties.

Yang is associated with qualities such as heat, dry, stimulation, movement, activity, positive, excitement, vigor, light, the exterior, upwardness, outwardness, and increase. In Chinese herbal medicine, Yang herbs are said to have warming, drying and stimulating properties.

Yoga

Yoga is an ancient system of meditative exercises developed over the past 2,000 years in India. Most people connect the word yoga with stretching postures and exercises. The practice of yoga also includes breathing techniques, visualization, diet and cleansing regimens. Research has shown yoga increases flexibility, improves blood circulation and reduces stress.

There are many different types of yoga that vary slightly in their approach. Some people practice yoga simply as a form of physical exercise or as a relaxation technique. Others may practice it therapeutically, with the goal of enhancing the flow of vital energy or prana. Yoga is also practiced to increase self-awareness and achieve enlightenment.

Herbs can help in the detoxification process by aiding the organs that help in natural detoxification. These include the liver, urinary system, digestive systems, skin and lungs. The herbs used in various detox treatments can be classified based on the organ they work upon. Herbal remedies can be prepared from these herbs based on specific individual conditions:

Laxatives and diuretics herbs
* Licorice root
* Psyllium seed
* Alfalfa
* Yucca root
* Violet leaf
* Guar gum
* Marshmallow root

Herbs that provide support to the liver
* Cascara sagrada bark
* Milk thistle seed
* Dandelion

Parasite expeller herbs
* Black walnut hull
* Pumpkin seed

Herbs that soothe irritated digestive and urinary tracts
* Irish Moss
* Passionflower leaf

Antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant herbs
* Witch hazel bark, twigs, and leaves
* Capsicum
* Gentian root
* Cranberry

Multipurpose herbs ( Demulcents, blood purifiers, energizers, laxatives and diuretics)
* Horsetail
* Slippery elm bark
* Mullein leaf
* Black cohosh
* Burdock root
* Echinacea
* Fennel seed
* Fenugreek
* Ginger root
* Papaya

There are many herbal detox products that are prepared using a combination of these herbs. These products are developed for various specific needs like balancing sugar levels, breaking down organic wastes in the body, calming tense nerves, neutralizing acidity and loosening hardened phlegm in the lungs.

NEW YORK -  American scientists have developed, what is being hailed as a “simply spectacular” treatment for skin cancer that could shrink the tumours at a “rapid and dramatic” rate in patients whose disease had spread.

The results of the drug trial are significant because skin cancer, though curable when caught early, usually become fatal when it spreads to other parts of the body.

Experts described the results as “simply spectacular” and said the drug, known at the moment only as PLX4032, could improve and extend the lives of those fighting the disease.

It is already known that around half of all malignant melanomas are fuelled by a mutation in a gene, known as Braf.

And now, for the first time, scientists have developed a drug that can interfere with this gene’s protein, cutting off the fuel supply to the tumours.

The small study, conducted on 31 patients showed that patients treated with the twice-a-day pill saw their ­tumours shrink rapidly and a larger trial is now needed to confirm the findings.

But the results showed that in two thirds of the 22 patients evaluated, the tumours shrank by 30 per cent in only a month.

A further six patients also saw their tumours shrink, but not by as much.

Cancer experts are excited by the findings because it means that PLX4032 could also work in other cancers triggered by the Braf ­mutation, which includes around five per cent of bowel cancers, accounting for 1,500 new cases a year.

In addition the drug also offers hope to the thousands of skin cancer patients who have very few treatment options once their tumours have spread.

However, experts admit the drug will not cure metastatic melanoma.

“We are very excited. So far 70 per cent of patients have responded,” The Daily Express quoted Dr Paul Chapman, from the ­Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre in New York, which carried out the trial, as saying.

Pyorrhoea is triggered by bacterial activity. A thin layer of harmful bacteria is continuously building up on our teeth. If it is not removed by tooth-cleansing, especially after meals, it forms an organised mass on the tooth surface in a short time. This is referred to as a ‘bacterial plaque’. When accumulated, bacteria in plaque produce many toxins which irritate the gums, causing them to become inflamed, tender, and prone to bleeding easily. The bacterial activity is, however, facilitated by the lowered vitality of the system

Injury to gums, incorrect brushing and improper use of tooth picks

Other factors contributing to the development of pyorrhoea include injury to the gums and supporting structures by physical and chemical irritants in the mouth, incorrect brushing, stagnation of food particles, and improper use of tooth picks

Pyorrhoea treatment using Guava

Chewing unripe guava is an excellent tonic for the teeth and gums. It stops the bleeding from the gums due to its styptic effect and richness in vitamin C. Chewing the tender leaves of the guava tree also helps in curing bleeding from the gums and keeps the teeth healthy. A decoction of root-bark can also be beneficially used as a mouthwash fur swollen gums

Pyorrhoea treatment using Lemon and Lime

The regular use of lemon and lime is useful in pyorrhoea due to their high vitamin C content. They strengthen the gums and teeth, and are very effective in preventing and curing acute inflammations of the gum margins

Pyorrhoea treatment using Orange

The use of orange has also been found beneficial in the treatment of pyorrhoea. This fruit should be eaten regularly and its skin rubbed over the teeth and gums. This will improve the condition

Pyorrhoea treatment using Pomegranate Rind

Powder of the dry rind of pomegranate, mixed with pepper and common salt, can be applied as a very good dentifrice. Its regular application strengthens the gums, stops bleeding, and prevents pyorrhoea

Pyorrhoea treatment using Spinach Juice

The juice of raw spinach is another valuable remedy for the prevention and treatment of pyorrhoea because of its beneficial effect on the teeth and gums. This effect is greatly enhanced if spinach juice is taken in combination with carrot juice. Both spinach juice and carrot juice should be taken in quantities of 125 ml each daily. A permanent aid for this affliction has been found in the use of natural raw foods, and in drinking an ample quantity of carrot and spinach juice

Pyorrhoea treatment using Lettuce

Lettuce has proved useful in preventing pyorrhoea The leaves of this vegetable should be chewed everyday immediately after meals for this purpose

Pyorrhoea treatment using Wheat

Wheat is especially valuable in the prevention and treatment of pyorrhoea. Wheat wheat tortilla are usually taken with other foods, and hence, the other food also gets chewed properly. This not only provides the needed exercise for the teeth and gum but also aids in digestion

Fruit juice and fruit diet

The patient should begin the treatment with a short juice fast for three to five days. Oranges and carrot should be used for juices. After the juice fast, the patient should spend the next three to five days on an exclusive fresh fruit diet, taking three meals a day of juicy fruits

Balanced diet

Thereafter he may gradually embark upon a balanced diet, with emphasis on fresh fruits, green salads, whole-meal bread, properly cooked vegetables, cheese, nuts, and milk

White bread,refined food, condiments, meat etc should be avoided

White bread, white sugar, and all refined and tinned foods must he completely given up. Condiments, sauces, alcohol, coffee, and strong tea, as well as meat and other fresh foods should also be avoided

Other Pyorrhoea treatment

Warm-water enema and a hip bath

During the juice fast, the bowels should be cleansed daily with a warm-water enema. Daily dry friction and a hip bath should be taken

Breathing exercises and hot Epsom salts bath

Breathing and other exercises, should form a part of the morning routine. A hot Epsom salts bath taken twice weekly will also be beneficial

Tea tree oil is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia, a plant native to Australia.

Latin Name: Melaleuca alternifolia

Other Names: Melaleuca oil, Australian tea tree oil

Historically, the leaves were used as a substitute for tea, which is how tea tree oil got its name. The part used medicinally is the oil from the leaves.

Why Do People Use Tea Tree Oil?

Tea tree has a long history of traditional use. Australian aboriginals used tea tree leaves for healing skin cuts, burns, and infections by crushing the leaves and applying them to the affected area.

Tea tree oil contains consituents called terpenoids, which have been found to have antiseptic and antifungal activity. The compound terpinen-4-ol is the most abundant and is thought to be responsible for most of tea tree oil’s antimicrobial activity.

People use tea tree oil for the following conditions:

    * Acne

    * Athlete’s foot

   * Dandruff

Sources of Tea Tree Oil

Tea tree oil is most commonly found as a pure essential oil. It is also an ingredient in creams, ointments, lotions, soaps, and shampoos.

Tea tree oil should not be confused with Chinese tea oil, cajeput oil, kanuka oil, manuka oil, ti tree oil, and niauouli oil.

What is the Evidence for Tea Tree Oil?

There have only been a few, older clinical trials looking at the effectiveness of tea tree oil in humans.

    * Athlete’s Foot

 

      A randomized controlled trial examined the use of 25% tea tree oil solution, 50% tea tree oil solution, or placebo in 158 people with athlete’s foot. After twice daily applications for 4 weeks, the two tea tree oil solutions were found to be significantly more effective than placebo.

      In the 50% tea tree oil group, 64% were cured, compared to 31% in the placebo group. Four people using the tea tree oil withdrew from the study because they developed dermatitis (which improved after discontinuing tea tree oil use). Otherwise, there were no significant side effects.

    * Fungal Infection of the Toenails

      A randomized, controlled trial published in the Journal of Family Practice looked at the twice-daily application of 100% tea tree oil or 1% clotrimazole solution (a topical antifungal medication) in 177 people with toenail fungal infection. After 6 months, the tea tree oil was found to be as effective as the topical antifungal, based on clinical assessment and toenail cultures.

      Another randomized, controlled trial examined the effectiveness and safety of a cream containing 5% tea tree oil and 2% butenafine hydrochloride in 60 people with toenail fungal infection. After 16 weeks, 80% of people using the cream had significant improvement compared to none in the placebo group. Side effects included mild inflammation.

      A third double-blind study looked at 100% tea tree oil compared with a topical antifungal, clotrimazole, in 112 people with fungal infections of the toenails. The tea tree oil was as effective as the antifungal.

    * Acne

      A single-blind randomized trial by the Department of Dermatology at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Australia compared the effectiveness and tolerance of 5% tea tree oil gel with 5% benzoyl peroxide lotion in 124 people with mild to moderate acne. People in both groups had a significant reduction in inflamed and non-inflammed acne lesions (open and closed comedones) over the three month period, although tea tree oil was less effective than benzoyl peroxide.

      Although the tea tree oil took longer to work initially, there were fewer side effects with tea tree oil. In the benzoyl peroxide group, 79 percent of people had side effects including itching, stinging, burning, and dryness. Researchers noted that there were far less side effects in the tea tree oil group.

    * Dandruff

      A single-blind study examined the use of 5% tea tree oil shampoo or placebo in 126 people with mild to moderate dandruff. After 4 weeks, the tea tree oil shampoo significantly reduced symptoms of dandruff.

Safety Concerns

One study shows that tea tree oil may alter hormone levels. There have been three case reports of topical tea tree oil products causing unexplained breast enlargement in boys. People with hormone-sensitive cancers or pregnant or nursing women should avoid tea tree oil. For more information, read Lavender and Tea Tree Oils Linked to Breast Enlargement in Boys.

Occasionally, people may have allergic reactions to tea tree oil, ranging from mild contact dermatitis to severe blisters and rashes.

Undiluted tea tree oil may cause skin irritation, redness, blistering, and itching.

Tea tree oil should not be taken internally, even in small quantities. It can cause impaired immune function, diarrhea, and potentially fatal central nervous system depression (excessive drowsiness, sleepiness, confusion, coma).

The tea tree oil in commercial toothpastes and mouthwashes is generally considered to be acceptable because it is not swallowed. Avoid homemade tea tree oil mouthwashes.

Seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of overdose: excessive drowsiness, sleepiness, poor coordination, diarrhea, vomiting.

 

Don’t use tea tree oil if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

 

Keep tea tree oil out of the reach of children and pets.

JERUSALEM -  Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have gained fresh insights into how anaesthesia and anaesthesia-like states are controlled in the brain, opening the door to possible new future treatments of various states of loss of consciousness, such as reversible coma.

Marshall Devor, the Cecile and Seymour Alpert Professor of Pain Research, graduate student Ruth Abulafia and research associate Dr. Vladimir Zalkind say that they have basically discovered a brain area that participates in the control of “alert status”.

Their findings suggest that a small group of neurons near the base of the brain, in the mesopontine tegmentum, has executive control over the alert status of the entire cerebrum and spinal cord, and can generate loss of pain sensation, postural collapse, and loss of consciousness through specific neural circuitry.hey came to this conclusion after observing that microinjection of tiny quantities of certain anaesthetic drugs into this newly discovered “centre of consciousness” in laboratory rats induced a profound suppressive effect on the activity of the cerebral cortex.

The researchers admit that it is not certain that their findings will translate reliably from rats to man.

They, however, insist that in case their findings do replicate in man, the new knowledge could contribute to the ability of medical science to treat disorders of consciousness and its loss, such as insomnia, excessive sleepiness and even coma.

Perhaps by direct electrical stimulation of the cells in question, it might prove possible to arouse a patient from coma, say the researchers.

They further say that the discovery of a specific cluster of neurons that control the brain’s state of consciousness can be expected to lead to the beginnings of an understanding of the actual wiring diagram that permits a biological machine, the brain, to be conscious.

A research article describing their study has been published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

WASHINGTON - Eating chocolate or drinking water can relieve aches and pains, a new study has shown.

A team of researchers says the distraction of eating or drinking for pleasure acts as a natural painkiller.

Although the findings come from studies on animals, the scientists believe the same effect takes place in people.

The study, published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience by authors Peggy Mason, PhD, professor of neurobiology, and Hayley Foo, PhD, research associate professor of neurobiology at the University of Chicago, is the first to demonstrate that this powerful painkilling effect occurs while the animals are ingesting food or liquid even in the absence of appetite.

“It’s a strong, strong effect, but it’s not about hunger or appetite,” Mason said.

“If you have all this food in front of you that’s easily available to reach out and get, you’re not going to stop eating, for basically almost any reason,” the expert added.

In the experiments, rats were given either a chocolate chip to eat or had sugar water or regular water infused directly into their mouth. As the rat swallowed the chocolate or fluid, a light-bulb beneath the cage was switched on, providing a heat stimulus that normally caused the animal to lift its paw off the floor.

Mason and Foo found that rats were much slower to raise their paw while eating or drinking, compared to tests conducted while they were awake, but not eating.

Surprisingly, the researchers found no difference in the delayed paw-lift response between when the rat was eating chocolate and when it was drinking water, despite previous research indicating that only sugary substances were protective against pain.

“This really shows it has nothing to do with calories,” Mason said. “Water has no calories, saccharine has no sugar, but both have the same effect as achocolate chip. It’s really shocking.”

Mason and Foo then repeated the heat test as the rats were given quinine, a bitter drink that causes rats to make an expression called a gape that’s akin to a child’s expression of “yuck.” During quinine administration, the rats reacted to heat as quickly as when not eating, suggesting that a non-pleasurable food or drink fails to trigger pain relief.

The context of ingesting was also important to whether eating or drinking blunted pain, the researchers found. When rats were made ill by a drug treatment,eating chocolate no longer delayed their response. However, drinking water still caused a reduced pain response, indicating that drinking water was considered a positive experience while ill.

By selectively inactivating a region in the brainstem called the raphe mangus - an area previously shown to blunt pain during sleep and urination - Mason and Foo were able to remove the effect of drinking water on the rat’s pain response. The brainstem controls subconscious responses such as breathing and perspiration during exercise.

“You’re essentially at the mercy of your brainstem, and the raphe magnus is part of that,” Mason said. “It tells you, ‘you’re going to finish eating this, whether you like it or not,’ just like you sweat while running whether you like it or not.”

 

In the wild, Mason said, rats and other animals would not want to be distracted during the rare but important times that they were able to eat or drink. Therefore, the activation of the raphe magnus during eating or drinking would allow the rat to filter out distractions until their meal was completed. For obvious reasons, this naturalpain relief would be activated when an animal is eating or drinking something pleasurable, but not when it tastes something that could be toxic or harmful.

SYDNEY - Moderate alcohol consumption is likely to protect accident victims from post-traumatic psychological distress, says a new study.

The study assessed 1,045 patients hospitalised after traumatic injury, for patterns of alcohol consumption before and three months after the accident.

This was compared with the level of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) one week after the accident and at three months.

Researchers from University of Adelaide (U-A) found that moderate alcohol consumption before and after the accident predicted lower levels of psychological distress.

Conversely, both abstinence from alcohol and high levels of drinking produced poorer mental health outcomes.

“Rather than suggesting abstinence following exposure to traumatic events…, the importance of moderate drinking should be emphasised as this behaviour may have some benefit in minimising distress,” says Alexander McFarlane, professor at U-A, who led the study.

A small group of patients showed a link between more severe PSTD and the emergence of alcohol abuse, suggesting “self-medication”, says an U-A release.

These findings have been published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.

ST. LOUIS -  The brain is a complex system made of billions of neurons (nerve cells) and thousands of connections that relate to every human feeling, including one of the strongest emotions, fear. Researchers have started using computer models of the brain to study the connections.

Most neurological fear studies have been rooted in fear-conditioning experiments. Now, University of Missouri (U-M) researchers are using computational models to study the brain’s connections.

Guoshi Li, U-M electrical and computer engineering doctoral student, has discovered new evidence on how the brain reacts to fear, including important findings that could help victims of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events).

“Computational models make it much easier to study the brain because they can effectively integrate different types of information related to a problem into a computational framework and analyse possible neural (bearing on nerve cells) mechanisms from a systems perspective,” Li said.

From previous experiments, scientists have found that fear can subside when overcome with fear extinction memory, but it is not permanently lost.

Fear extinction is a process in which a conditioned response to a stimulant that produces fear gradually diminishes over time as subjects, such as rats in auditory fear experiments, learn to disassociate a response from a stimulus.

One theory has concluded that fear extinction memory deletes fear memory, and another concluded that fear memory is not lost, but is inhibited by extinction memory as fear can recover with the passage of time after extinction, says an U-M release.

For PTSD victims, the fear circuit is disrupted and they cannot retrieve the fear extinction memory. However, the fear extinction memory exists, so the fear memory dominates every time victims get a fear cue.

LONDON - Many of us learn a foreign language when we are young, but in some cases, exposure is brief and we never get to hear or practice the tongue subsequently.

Our subjective impression is often that the neglected language completely fades away from our memory. But does use it or lose it apply to foreign languages?

Although it may seem we have absolutely no memory of the neglected language, new research suggests this forgotten language may be more deeply engraved in our minds than we realize.

Psychologists Jeffrey Bowers, Sven L. Mattys and Suzanne Gage from the University of Bristol recruited volunteers who were native English speakers but who had learned either Hindi or Zulu as children when living abroad.

The researchers focused on Hindi and Zulu because these languages contain certain phonemes that are difficult for native English speakers to recognize. A phoneme is the smallest sound in a language-a group of phonemes forms a word.

Scientists asked volunteers to complete a background vocabulary test to see if they remembered any words from the neglected language. They then trained the participants to distinguish between pairs of phonemes that started Hindi or Zulu words.

As it turned out, even though the volunteers showed no memory of the second language in the vocabulary test, they were able to quickly relearn and correctly identify phonemes that were spoken in the neglected language.

These findings suggest that exposing young children to foreign languages even if they do not continue to speak them can have a lasting impact on speech perception, says a Bristol release.

The study authors conclude: Even if the language is forgotten (or feels this way) after many years of disuse, leftover traces of the early exposure can manifest themselves as an improved ability to relearn the language.

These findings were published in Psychological Science.

MIAMI - In a breakthrough study, a cell biologist at The Florida State University has found that the absence of a key molecular player, known as Pds5, could lead to a number of chromosomal birth defects like Down syndrome.

For the study, Hong-Guo Yu used yeast genetics and a novel scheme to selectively remove a single protein from the cell division process called meiosis.

He found that when a Pds5 goes missing, chromosomes fail to segregate and pair up properly, and birth defects such as Down syndrome can result.

The study sheds new light on the protein Pds5, its crucial regulatory role during meiosis, and the impact of its absence on the molecular-level genesis of human chromosomal birth defects that include Down, Edwards, Patau, Turner, Klinefelter’s and XYY syndromes.

The findings may contribute to the eventual development of targeted, molecular-level interventions.

Yu explained how the meiotic stage is set and what goes wrong when key elements are rearranged.

“To produce a genetically balanced gamete (sperm and egg), the cell must contend with two sets of chromosome pairs, homologs and sisters. Homologs are the nearly identical chromosomes inherited from each parent; sisters are exactly identical pairs that are produced like photocopies as part of normal cell division,” he said.

“During normal meiosis, the process of division that halves the number of chromosomes per cell, my colleagues and I discovered that Pds5 regulates the pairing and synapsis (joining together) of ‘mom and dad’ homologs. We also learned that Pds5 plays a vital role in the synaptonemal complex, a glue-like protein structure that homologs use to literally stick together as they pair up. In addition, we found that, although sister chromatids enter meiosis in very close proximity to one another, Pds5 acts to inhibit synapsis between them, a good thing because, then, meiotic conditions support the necessary pairing of homologs,” he added.

On the other hand, removing Pds5 during meiosis triggers a chromosomal catastrophe.

“In order to observe what happened when the Pds5 went missing from the process, we performed a ‘molecular genetics trick’ that had never been applied to this particular protein before, and it worked. We successfully engineered yeast cells that shut down Pds5 only during meiosis, but not when they were vegetative,” said Yu.

Thus, Pds5 was no longer present to regulate homolog organization and transmission in the meiotic yeast cells.

The synaptonemal complex, which normally would support the synapsis of homologs by creating a sticky bond along their entire length, failed to form.

And in the resulting meiotic malfunction, the identical sister chromosomes began to synapse instead.

“When Pds5 is removed and sister chromatids become synapsed as a result, the segregation and recombination of homologs essential for genetic diversity fails. This finding is highly important, because failure to generate a crossover between homologs leads to chromosome missegregation and can cause human chromosomal birth defects such as Down syndrome, which affects about one in 800 newborns in the United States,” said Yu.

 

The study has been published in the Journal of Cell Biology. (ANI)

LONDON - People who get plenty of vitamin D can cut their chance of developing Type 2 diabetes by 55 per cent.

Researchers from the Warwick Medical School reviewed 28 existing studies on almost 100,000 people looking at vitamin D levels among middle-aged and elderly people. They also found high levels of vitamin D reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease by 33 per cent.

Sunshine brings risks too

Around 90 per cent of our vitamin D comes from sunshine and experts warn that people should be sensible about sun exposure - 30 minutes twice a week on the face and arms with no sunscreen is the maximum safe exposure for adults and children.

Clinical research needed to assess long-term benefits

“The study suggests that there is a link between higher levels of vitamin D and lower risk of Type 2 diabetes and heart disease,” said Dr Iain Frame, Director of Research at Diabetes UK.

“However, it does not show that vitamin D levels are a direct cause of these reductions in risk. Diabetes UK would be very interested to see results of clinical research following people over a period of time to establish the long-term beneficial effects of increased levels of vitamin D.

Help reduce your risk of diabetes

“What we do know is that an unhealthy lifestyle, having a large waist or being overweight can cause Type 2 diabetes.

“Diabetes UK recommends that people should eat a healthy, balanced diet low in fat, sugar and salt, and do at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day to reduce their risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.”

The research was published in the journal Maturitas.

Charlene DeGidio never smoked marijuana in the 1960s, or afterward. But a year ago, after medications failed to relieve the pain in her legs and feet, a doctor suggested that the Adna, Wash., retiree try the drug.

Ms. DeGidio, 69 years old, bought candy with marijuana mixed in. It worked in easing her neuropathic pain, for which doctors haven’t been able to pinpoint a cause, she says. Now, Ms. DeGidio, who had previously tried without success other drugs including Neurontin and lidocaine patches, nibbles marijuana-laced peppermint bars before sleep, and keeps a bag in her refrigerator that she’s warned her grandchildren to avoid.

“It’s not like you’re out smoking pot for enjoyment or to get high,” says the former social worker, who won’t take the drug during the day because she doesn’t want to feel disoriented. “It’s a medicine.”

For many patients like Ms. DeGidio, it’s getting easier to access marijuana for medical use. The U.S. Department of Justice has said it will not generally prosecute ill people under doctors’ care whose use of the drug complies with state rules. New Jersey will become the 14th state to allow therapeutic use of marijuana, and the number is likely to grow. Illinois and New York, among others, are considering new laws.

As the legal landscape for patients clears somewhat, the medical one remains confusing, largely because of limited scientific studies. A recent American Medical Association review found fewer than 20 randomized, controlled clinical trials of smoked marijuana for all possible uses. These involved around 300 people in all—well short of the evidence typically required for a pharmaceutical to be marketed in the U.S.

Doctors say the studies that have been done suggest marijuana can benefit patients in the areas of managing neuropathic pain, which is caused by certain types of nerve injury, and in bolstering appetite and treating nausea, for instance in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. “The evidence is mounting” for those uses, says Igor Grant, director of the Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research at the University of California, San Diego.

But in a range of other conditions for which marijuana has been considered, such as epilepsy and immune diseases like lupus, there’s scant and inconclusive research to show the drug’s effectiveness. Marijuana also has been tied to side effects including a racing heart and short-term memory loss and, in at least a few cases, anxiety and psychotic experiences such as hallucinations. The Food and Drug Administration doesn’t regulate marijuana, so the quality and potency of the product available in medical-marijuana dispensaries can vary.

Though states have been legalizing medical use of marijuana since 1996, when California passed a ballot initiative, the idea remains controversial. Opponents say such laws can open a door to wider cultivation and use of the drug by people without serious medical conditions. That concern is heightened, they say, when broadly written statutes, such as California’s, allow wide leeway for doctors to decide when to write marijuana recommendations.

But advocates of medical-marijuana laws say certain seriously ill patients can benefit from the drug and should be able to access it with a doctor’s permission. They argue that some patients may get better results from marijuana than from available prescription drugs.

Glenn Osaki, 51, a technology consultant from Pleasanton, Calif., says he smokes marijuana to counter nausea and pain. Diagnosed in 2005 with advanced colon cancer, he has had his entire colon removed, creating digestive problems, and suffers neuropathic pain in his hands and feet from a chemotherapy drug. He says smoking marijuana was more effective and faster than prescription drugs he tried, including one that is a synthetic version of marijuana’s most active ingredient, known as THC.

The relatively limited research supporting medical marijuana poses practical challenges for doctors and patients who want to consider it as a therapeutic option. It’s often unclear when, or whether, it might work better than traditional drugs for particular people. Unlike prescription drugs it comes with no established dosing regimen.

“I don’t know what to recommend to patients about what to use, how much to use, where to get it,” says Scott Fishman, chief of pain medicine at the University of California, Davis medical school, who says he rarely writes marijuana recommendations, typically only at a patient’s request.

Researchers say it’s difficult to get funding and federal approval for marijuana research. In November, the AMA urged the federal government to review marijuana’s position in the most-restricted category of drugs, so it could be studied more easily.

Gregory T. Carter, a University of Washington professor of rehabilitation medicine, says he’s developed his own procedures for recommending marijuana, which he does for some patients with serious neuromuscular conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig’s disease, to treat pain and other symptoms. He typically urges those who haven’t tried it before to start with a few puffs using a vaporizer, which heats the marijuana to release its active chemicals, then wait 10 minutes. He warns them to have family nearby and to avoid driving, and he checks back with them after a few days. Many are “surprised at how mild” the drug’s psychotropic effects are, he says.

States’ rules on growing and dispensing medical marijuana vary. Some states license specialized dispensaries. These can range from small storefronts to bigger operations that feel more like pharmacies. Typically, they have security procedures to limit walk-in visitors.

At least a few dispensaries say they inspect their suppliers and use labs to check the potency of their product, though states don’t generally require such measures. “It’s difficult to understand how we can call it medicine if we don’t know what’s in it,” says Stephen DeAngelo, executive director of the Harborside Health Center, a medical-marijuana dispensary in Oakland, Calif.

Some of the strongest research results support the idea of using marijuana to relieve neuropathic pain. For example, a trial of 50 AIDS patients published in the journal Neurology in 2007 found that 52% of those who smoked marijuana reported a 30% or greater reduction in pain. Just 24% of those who got placebo cigarettes reported the same lessening of pain.

Marijuana has also been shown to affect nausea and appetite. The AMA review said three controlled studies with 43 total participants showed a “modest” anti-nausea effect of smoked marijuana in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Studies of HIV-positive patients have suggested that smoked marijuana can improve appetite and trigger weight gain.

Donald Abrams, a doctor and professor at the University of California, San Francisco who has studied marijuana, says he recommends it to some cancer patients, including those who haven’t found standard anti-nausea drugs effective and some with loss of appetite.

Side effects can be a problem for some people. Thea Sagen, 62, an advanced neuroendocrine cancer patient in Seaside, Calif., says she expected something like a pharmacy when she went to a marijuana dispensary mentioned by her oncologist. She says she was disappointed to find that the staffers couldn’t say which of the products, with names like Pot ‘o Gold and Blockbuster, might boost her flagging appetite or soothe her anxiety. “They said, ‘it’s trial and error,’ “she says. “I was in there flying blind, looking at all this stuff.”

Ms. Sagen says she bought several items and tried one-eighth teaspoon of marijuana-infused honey. After a few hours, she was hallucinating , too dizzy and confused to dress herself for a doctor’s appointment. Then came vomiting far worse than her stomach upset before she took the drug. When she reported the side effects to her oncologist’s nurse and her primary-care physician, she got no guidance. She doesn’t take the drug now. But with advice from a nutritionist, her appetite and food intake have improved, she says.

Other marijuana users may experience the well-known reduction in ability to concentrate. At least a few users suffer troubling short-term psychiatric side effects, which can include anxiety and panic. More controversially, an analysis published in the journal Lancet in 2007 tied marijuana use to a higher rate of psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia. But the analysis noted that such a link doesn’t necessarily show marijuana is a cause of the conditions.

Long-term marijuana use can lead to physical dependence, though it is not as addictive as nicotine or alcohol, says Margaret Haney, a professor at Columbia University’s medical school. Smoked marijuana may also risk lung irritation, but a large 2006 study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, found no tie to lung cancer.

Some studies and reviews examining the possible medical uses, and side effects, of marijuana are being conducted by.

    * Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research, University of California

    * American College of Physicians

    * Institute of Medicine

To read more on Marijuana and its effectiveness, the following periodicals have spent time reviewing certain aspects of medical marijuana.

To treat pain:

    * Neurology

    * Journal of Pain

    * Neuropsychopharmacology

To treat nausea:

    * Annals of Internal Medicine

    * Cancer

    * Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

To restore appetite:

    * Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

    * Psychopharmacology

To treat spasticity:

    * Neurologist

Overviews of Potential Side Effects:

    * Canadian Medical Association Journal

    * Clinical Toxicology

Mental Effects:

    * Neuropsychology Review

    * Lancet

Withdrawal:

    * Current Psychiatry Reports

    * Current Opinion in Psychiatry

Effects on Lungs

    * Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention

 

 

Here Are Some Terms Used in Homeopathy – Easier to Understand

Terms of homeopathy seem confusing sometimes particularly for them who never know about homeopathy before. Basically, homeopathy is formed from the word “Homeo” and “pathy”. “Homeo” means similar or same, while “pathy” means pain. The base of this alternative medication is concentrates on the use of natural substances to stimulate the mind and the body in order to heal the diseases. For detail knowledge of terms of homeopathy, you might need to read the information below.

Glossary of Terms

In the terms of homeopathy, you’ll find aggravation. It is a name for an obvious enhancement in the symptoms of the disease. Then there’s also an antidote for a material or a remedy that neutralizes the effects of homeopathy medication. Dose that is recommended might be given an antidote to counteract the effect when the patient is not responding well to the homeopathy.

Tissue salts termed as cell salts and biochemic remedies are several of the most important terms of homeopathy. According to homeopaths, use twelve dissimilar salts are significant for the functioning of the body. These cell salts are prepared in low potency and used under homeopathic signs.

Symptoms that are general to a specific sickness or disease like yellow skin in jaundice are known as a common symptom. In terms of homeopathy, symptom of concomitant refers to the symptom that happens at the same time as the main complaint. Those symptoms that refer to location etiology, concomitants sensation and modalities all together give what is known as complete symptom.

Centesimal is one of the three effectiveness scales used in the homeopathy pharmacy. It’s the process of repeated dilutions and successions. In terms of homeopathy and its standards, it’s notated by 10 or 100 scales.

Taking one part of the medicinal substance, tincture or dry blended with alcohol or 99 parts of lactose, and shaken will result 1c potency. In the other hand, taking 1 part of this potency and mixing it with 99 parts of lactose or alcohol and then shaken will yield 2c. A 300c has gone through this process 300 times. A 1M has gone through the process 1000 times.

Furthermore, the decimal scale is the other potency scale in terms of homeopathy. This is a process of taking one part of the medicinal element and blending it with 9 parts of diluents, and shaken well determines a 1X (D) potency.

One part of this potency and 9 parts of diluents, then successes, yields 2X (D) potency. This continuous till the desired potency is reached. The third potency scale is the LM(50 millesimal, Q) conceived by Hahnemann. Effectiveness refers to the strength of homeopathic remedy in terms of homeopathy.

If you’re keen on implementing homeopathy into your life, you are recommended to comprehend the terms of homeopathy. By knowing the terms of homeopathy before implementing homeopathy into life, it will make you easier to gain its advantage.

Anyone living with Parkinson’s disease knows that there are good and bad days. For days when there are challenges, a new treatment, one that is relatively inexpensive, effective, and safe has been discovered.

Not only is this a safe solution for treating Parkinson’s disease, it is also highly effective. This means people with this disease have a fighting chance for normalcy. While it does not cure the disease, IV Glutathione therapy does slow down the progression.

In clinical trials, results show that up to 90% of participants using Glutathione therapy experience significant improvement. In the case of Parkinson’s, the brain’s dopamine receptors lose their sensitivity but with Glutathione, the receptors are restored to normal function.

With this form of treatment, dopamine within the brain is able to function more effectively. This means dopamine sensitivity is improved, as well as the brain’s serotonin levels that can help decrease levels of depression.

In most cases of Glutathione therapy and Parkinson’s, the patient is given 1,400 milligrams on a daily basis with saline. Using an IV drip for ten minutes, three times each week grants the medication to enter the bloodstream so it can get to work swiftly.

 

Although there’s oral Glutathione medication, IV Glutathione therapy is the only way in which Parkinson’s disease should be treated, making it much more effective. Depending on the physician providing the treatment, some will also add various drugs and herbs such as milk thistle and amino acids.

The advances seen over the years pertaining to IV Glutathione therapy are incredible. This allows Parkinson’s patients to get off medications such as Levodopa that have harsh side effects. Anyone interested in this treatment option should remain on any prescribed drugs and then speak to their doctor about eliminating them and switching over to Glutathione therapy.

There are so many wonderful benefits associated with IV Glutathione therapy but the number one is the elimination of side effects, something no patient wants to deal with. Not only do many of the traditional medications have side effects but some also come with serious health risk factors to include stroke and heart attack.

Although the cost of Glutathione therapy is a little higher than other options, it works exceptionally well. The good news is that most insurance companies are now providing partial or full coverage of this substance because it has been approved by the FDA.

Within a short time of a person with Parkinsons Symptoms being put on IV Glutathione therapy, they start to respond to the treatment. This means the patient starts to take back some control over his or her life. As you can imagine, both patients and medical professionals are anxious to get this treatment option out to the public. Although IV Glutathione therapy is used commonly to Parkinson’s, physicians are finding that it also helps with other health problems such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and so on.

If you’ve Parkinson’s disease or another illness mentioned and find that current treatment is not providing you with the needed relief, then Glutathione therapy could be the perfect solution. More and more, this treatment option is becoming accepted among medical professionals and it might be the exact treatment you need.